Associations between serum amino acids and incident type 2 diabetes in Chinese rural adults

Background and aimsSome amino acids (AAs) may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study aimed to determine the associations of individual AAs with the development of T2DM in rural Chinese adults.Methods and resultsA cohort study of 1199 individuals aged 18 years or older was conducted from 2006 to 2008 in a rural community of Deqing, China, a repeated survey was done in 2015 and data linkage with the electronic health records system was performed each year for identifying new T2DM cases. A high-performance liquid chromatography approach was used to measure the baseline serum concentrations of 15 AAs. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between AAs and the risk of incident T2DM. A total of 98 new T2DM cases were identified during the follow-up of 12 years on average. Among 15 AAs, proline was associated with an increased risk of incident T2DM after adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, family history of T2DM, smoking status, alcohol use, and history of hypertension, the adjusted hazard ratio for 1-standard deviation increment was 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.43). The association tended to be more marked in subjects younger than 60 years and overweight/obese subjects. Among participants without hypertension, proline and phenylalanine were associated with an increased risk of incident T2DM, while aspartic acid was associated with a decreased risk.ConclusionSerum proline was associated with the risk of incident T2DM in rural Chinese adults and might be a potential predictor.     

HbA1c及CRP在妊娠期糖尿病治疗中的意义

目的评估糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)及C反应蛋白(CRP)测定在妊娠期糖尿病血糖控制及治疗中的指导意义。方法选取2016年7月—2017年2月于本院妇产科行产前检查的孕24~28周孕妇行空腹血糖(FBG)、75 g口服糖耐量试验(OGTT)、HbA1c及CRP检查,分为正常妊娠者(对照组),妊娠期糖耐量受损者(GIGT组),妊娠期糖尿病者(GDM组)各40例。对受试对象孕36~38周再次进行FBG、HbA1c及CRP复查,比较各项指标及转归。结果孕24~28周GIGT组及GDM组FBG、HbA1c及CRP指标均高于对照组(P<0.05);进行饮食控制及(或)胰岛素治疗后GIGT组及GDM组各指标均有不同程度下降,P<0.05,GIGT组部分孕妇可恢复至正常值。结论HbA1c检测快速简便,联合CRP有助于妊娠期糖尿病的临床检测及诊断,可用于孕期血糖控制的跟踪观察。     

The effect of disinfecting procedure on the glucose concentration using a personal glucose meter

BackgroundPersonal glucose meters, primarily designed for self-control of glucose concentration in patients with diabetes, are frequently used in clinical practice as point-of-care equipment. The procedure of washing hands with water and soap before testing, as recommended by the manufacturer of personal glucose meters, in hospital wards is often difficult to fulfil and is replaced by disinfecting the place of blood sampling with isopropyl alcohol.AimThe purpose of the research was to evaluate the effect of different disinfecting procedures on glycemia measurement in capillary blood using personal glucose meters.Materials and methodsFour measurements of glycemia were taken in each of 50-volunteer group using Accu-Check Performa (Roche, Swiss) glucose meter using different procedures: washing hands with soap and drying them (1), disinfection with isopropyl alcohol and waiting for the disinfectant to evaporate (2) and the immediate puncture after disinfection. In the latter case two kind of single-use lancets were use – typical for adult (3) and smaller preferred by diabetics or children (4).ResultsPaired T-student test showed no statistically significant difference between measurements 1st and 2nd 95% CI (−4.282 to 0.322), p = 0.09. However, the comparison between 1st/3rd and 1st/4th showed statistically significant difference, 95% CI (−4.964 to −0.796), p = 0,0077 (p < 0,01) and 95% CI (−7.842 to −2.917), p = 0.00006 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe procedure of disinfection when fluid completely evaporates has no effect on glucose measurements. Sampling the wet finger influences results of glucose measurement but observed changes were clinically irrelevant.     

Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) still matters for many: Associations of BGM frequency and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes

AimsThis study aimed to compare three approaches of blood glucose monitoring (BGM) frequency attainment and to examine their associations with glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsCross-sectional data was derived from the baseline assessment in three clinical trials. Clinical and demographic characteristics of youth with T1D was obtained by chart review. BGM frequency was assessed by parent-youth interview, chart review, and meter downloads. To examine the relationship between A1c and frequency of BGM we performed analysis of variance.ResultsIn youth with T1D (N = 385, 50% female, age 13.6 ± 2.5 years, 74% pump users), the 3 methods of assessing BGM frequency were significantly correlated. Frequency by self-report (6.4 ± 2.3 times/day) was significantly higher than both meter download (5.6 ± 2.4 times/day, p < 0.0001) and clinician report (5.7 ± 2.4 times/day, p < 0.0001). For all methods, more frequent BGM was associated with lower A1c and lower mean glucose (p < 0.0001). For each additional daily blood glucose check, there was a 0.2% decrease in A1c (p < 0.0001).ConclusionBGM remains a potent predictor of glycemic control, warranting continued targeting in clinical efforts to improve glycemic management in youth with T1D.     

强化血糖监测在冠脉旁路移植术后患者血糖管理中的应用

目的探讨强化血糖监测护理方案对冠脉旁路移植术(CABG)术后转入普通病房的患者血糖变异性的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取北京安贞医院2018年6—12月入院行CABG于72 h内转出ICU的冠心病合并高血糖患者106例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(54例)和研究组(52例)。对照组给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上采用强化血糖监测在内的综合护理策略。比较两组CABG术后患者转至普通病房3 d内每日平均血糖水平(MGL)、血糖标准差(SD)、日内平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、血糖变异系数(CV)。结果患者从ICU转入普通病房后的MGL存在时间效应、组间效应以及时间和组间的交互效应;SD存在组间效应;MAGE存在时间和组间效应;CV存在组间效应以及时间和组间的交互效应。结论在患者转出ICU到普通病房术后1~3 d内,与常规护理组相比较,继续给予强化血糖监测与护理能够减少血糖变异程度。